*1.Which of the following is the primary mechanism leading to opioid-induced constipation (OIC)?(Required.)

Increased secretion of electrolytes into the intestinal lumen

Inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

Activation of opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract

Increased motility of the gastrointestinal tract

*2.Which symptom is most commonly associated with opioid-induced constipation (OIC)?(Required.)

Frequent diarrhea

Straining during bowel movements

Abdominal bloating with increased bowel frequency

Sudden weight loss

*3.Which tool is commonly used to assess the severity of opioid-induced constipation (OIC)?(Required.)

Bowel Movement Excel Chart

Balance Stool Chart

Bristol Stool Chart

Apgar Score

*4.Which of the following is an appropriate first-line nonpharmacologic approach to managing opioid-induced constipation (OIC)?(Required.)

Reducing physical activity

Initiating methylnaltrexone therapy

Eliminate opioid therapy

Increasing dietary fiber and fluid intake